Z�rich IPA (in English often Zurich, which is also the standard French form of the name) is the largest city in Switzerland (population 364,558 in 2002; as agglomeration 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of Z�rich. The city is Switzerland's main commercial centre, and home to the country's largest airport. It is also home of the Cabaret Voltaire where the Dada movement began in 1916.
The origin of the name is most likely the Celtic word Turus, a corroborating reference to which was found on a tomb inscription dating from the Roman occupation in the 2nd century AD. The Roman name for the town was Turicum and in the local dialect it is called Z�ri IPA
Contents
1 Geography
2 History
3 Sights
4 Industry and Commerce
5 Education and Research
6 Sports
7 Transportation
8 Notable people
9 Hotels
10 External links
Geography
[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16500 Streets of central Z�rich
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[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16500 Streets of central Z�rich
Situated where the river Limmat leaves the Lake Z�rich, surrounded by wooded hills. The river Sihl meets with the Limmat at the end of Platzspitz, which borders the Swiss National Museum (Landesmuseum).
History
Numerous lake side settlements from the Neolithic and Bronze age were found, like Z�rich Pressehaus and Z�rich Mozartstrasse.
In Roman times, Turicum was a tax collecting point for goods entering the imperial province of Raetia by river. The earliest record of the town's name is preserved on a tombstone found in the 18. century on Lindenhof, referring to the roman castle as STA(tio) TUR(i)CEN(sis).
A carolingian castle, built on the site of the roman castle by the grandson of Charlemagne, Louis the German, is mentioned in 835 ("in castro Turicino iuxta fluvium Lindemaci"). Louis also founded the Fraum�nster abbey in 853 for his daughter Hildegard. He endowed the benedictine convent with the lands of Z�rich, Uri, and the Albis forest, and granted the convent immunity, placing it under his direct authority.
In 1045, king Henry III granted the convent the rights to hold markets, collect tolls, and the coinage prerogative and thus effectively made the abbess the ruler of the city.
Z�rich became reichsunmittelbar in 1218 with the extinction of the main line of the Z�hringer family. Emperor Frederick II promoted the abbess of the Fraum�nster to the rank of a duchess in 1234. The abbess assigned the mayor, and she frequently delegated the coinage prerogative to citizens of the city. However, the political power of the convent would slowly wane in the 14th century, beginning with the establishment of the Zunftordnung (guild laws) in 1336 by Rudolf Brun (d. 1360), who also became the first independent mayor, i.e. not assigned by the abbess.
The Codex Manesse, a major source of medieval German poetry, was written and illustrated in the early 14th century in Z�rich.
Z�rich joined the Swiss confederation (which at that point was a loose confederation of independent states) as the fifth member in 1351. Z�rich was expelled from the confederation in 1440 due to a war with the other member states over the territory of Toggenburg (the Old Z�rich War). Z�rich was defeated in 1446, and re-admitted to the confederation in 1450.
Zwingli started the Swiss reformation at the time when he was the main preacher in Z�rich. He lived there from 1518 until his death in 1531.
Sights
* Grossm�nster (great minster) (near Lake Z�rich, in the old city), where Zwingli was pastor
* Fraum�nster (our lady's minster) first church built before 874; the Romanesque choir dates from 1250-70; Marc Chagall stained glass choir windows; (on the opposite side of the Limmat)
* St. Peter (downstream of Fraum�nster, in the old city); with the largest clock face in Europe
* Lindenhof (linden court), near St. Peter; site of the Roman and medieval castle. View over river and old town.
* Guild houses along the river (downstream Grossm�nster)
* Old town on both sides of the river
* Bahnhofstrasse, Z�rich (shopping avenue) starting at main train station
* Landesmuseum (Swiss National Museum, directly opposite Z�rich's main train station.)
* Art Museum (Kunsthaus Z�rich)
* Zoological garden
* Lake Z�rich, running from Z�rich to Rapperswil and linking with the Obersee
* �etliberg, at altitude 813 metres above sea level
Fraum�nster church.
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Fraum�nster church.
Industry and Commerce
UBS, Credit Suisse and many private banks have their headquarters in Z�rich, the commercial center of Switzerland. Z�rich is the world's primary centre for offshore banking, mainly due to Swiss bank secrecy. The financial sector accounts for about one quarter of the city's economic activities. The Swiss Stock Exchange is also headquartered in Z�rich (see also Swiss banking, Gnomes of Zurich).
Education and Research
* ETH Zurich
* University of Zurich
Sports
* Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
* International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)
* Swimming in the lake, in the river or in several outdoor swimming pools (June-September)
Transportation
Trams in Zurich
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Trams in Zurich
Z�rich is a hub for rail, road and air traffic. It has several railway stations, including Z�rich Main Station, Z�rich Oerlikon, Z�rich Stadelhofen, and Z�rich Altstetten. The Cisalpino, InterCity Express and even the TGV high-speed trains stop in Z�rich.
The A1, A3 and A4 motorways leave Z�rich (the A1 heads west towards Bern and Geneva, east towards St. Gallen, and the A3 heads northwest towards Basel and southeast towards Sargans.)
Z�rich has a major international airport at Kloten, less than 10 kilometres northeast of the city. There is also an airfield in D�bendorf, although it is not used for civil aviation.
Within Z�rich and throughout the canton of Z�rich, the ZVV network of public transport has traffic density rating among the highest worldwide.
Notable people
born or died in Z�rich
* Huldrych Zwingli (1484 - 1531), reformer
* Conrad Gessner (1516 - 1565), born and died in Z�rich
* Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672 - 1733), scholar, born in Z�rich
* Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741 - 1801), poet and physiognomist, born in Z�rich
* Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746 - 1827), educational reformer, born in Z�rich
* Gottfried Keller (1819 - 1890) , poet, born and died in Z�rich
* Conrad Ferdinand Meyer (1825 - 1898), poet, born in Z�rich
* Johanna Spyri (1827 - 1901), author of Heidi, died in Z�rich
* Wilhelm Filchner (1877 - 1957), explorer, died in Z�rich
* James Joyce (1882 - 1941), Irish novelist, died in Z�rich (buried at Fluntern cemetery in Z�rich)
* Felix Bloch (1905 - 1983), physicist, born in Z�rich
* Elias Canetti (1905 - 1994), novelist, died in Z�rich
* Max Frisch (1911 - 1991), novelist, born and died in Z�rich
* Bruno Ganz (*1941), actor, born in Z�rich
* Martin Suter (*1948), author, born in Z�rich
famous residents:
* Richard Wagner (1849–1861)
* Albert Einstein (1896–1900, 1909–1911, 1912–1914)
* Lenin (1917)
* Thomas Mann (1933–1942)
* Kurt Tucholsky (1932–1933)
Hotels
Hotel Savoy Baur en Ville (Weblink (http://www.savoy-baurenville.ch))
Hotel Baur au Lac (Weblink (http://www.bauraulac.ch/))
Grand Hotel Dolder (Weblink (http://www.doldergrand.ch/))
Hotel Alden Spl�genschloss (Weblink (http://www.alden.ch/))
Hotel Eden au Lac (Weblink (http://www.edenaulac.ch/))
Park Hyatt Z�rich (Weblink (http://www.zurich.park.hyatt.com/))
Hotel Widder (Weblink (http://www.widderhotel.ch/))
Hotel Marriott (Weblink (http://www.marriotthotels.com/))
Hotel Ascot (Weblink (http://www.ascot.ch/))
see also Z�rich Tourism (http://www.zuerich.com/hotel/hotelliste.php?lg=1&displayLanguage=en)
St. Peter church.
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St. Peter church.
External links
* Z�rich Tourism (http://www.zuerich.com/index.php?&displayLanguage=en)
* Stadt Z�rich (http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/), official site in German.
* SWX Swiss Exchange (http://www.swx.com/top/index_en.html)
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